![]() ![]() smokeless tobacco products bought at several locations in Florida. Editorial Note:Įditorial Note: The findings in this report indicate that substantial differences exist in the pH, the amount of moisture and nicotine, and the percentage of free nicotine among six commonly used U. Air Toxicants Br, Div of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. ![]() Reported by: Univ of Miami Florida Office of Tobacco Control, Florida Dept of Health. The percentage of free nicotine varied from a mean value of 0.23% (Hawken Wintergreen) to 68.14% (Kodiak Wintergreen) ( Table 1). Mean free nicotine levels varied from 0.01 mg/g (Hawken Wintergreen) to 6.23 mg/g (Copenhagen Snuff). The mean amount of nicotine per dry tobacco weight ranged from 0.45% (Hawken Wintergreen) to 2.41% (Skoal Long Cut Wintergreen). The mean total moisture content ranged from 48.9% to 54.1%, except Hawken Wintergreen, which had a mean total moisture content of 24.7% the mean nicotine content varied from 7.11 mg/g to 11.04 mg/g, except Hawken Wintergreen, which had a mean nicotine content of 3.37 mg/g the mean pH varied from 5.24 (Hawken Wintergreen) to 8.35 (Kodiak Wintergreen). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. The tests were not blinded to the brands being tested, and all analyses were done in triplicate. Free nicotine content then was calculated by multiplying the percentage of free nicotine by the total nicotine content (percentage of free nicotine x nicotine content). The percentage of free (unprotonated) nicotine, which is dependent on the pH, was calculated according to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and by using a pKa value of 8.02 for nicotine (5). The nicotine extraction and pH measurements were conducted at room temperature. Nicotine was extracted from moist snuff by using methyl tertbutyl ether, and tobacco extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the nicotine content. Total moisture content (water and tobacco constituents that are volatile at 211.1 F ) was obtained by calculating the weight difference in 5 g of tobacco before and after 3 hours of oven drying at 211.1 F (99.5 C). The pH was obtained by suspending 2 g of moist snuff in 10 mL distilled water. Samples were stored in their original containers at -95.8 F (-71 C) until tested. The pH, nicotine, and total moisture content in samples of the six products were analyzed at CDC using a federal standard protocol** (4). moist snuff brands sold in the United States during 1997 (3). These products were Copenhagen Snuff, Skoal Bandits Straight, Skoal Bandits Wintergreen, Skoal Long Cut Wintergreen, Kodiak Wintergreen, and Hawken Wintergreen,* and were chosen to reflect a cross-section of products from the five leading U.S. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the pH, amount of nicotine, and moisture vary widely among brands.ĭuring January 5-February 7, 1999, University of Miami staff and affiliated persons bought six smokeless tobacco products from stores in Daytona Beach, Fort Myers, Miami, Orlando, Tallahassee, and Tampa/St. Officials in Florida requested CDC assistance in analyzing six moist snuff products to measure three factors that affect their nicotine dose: pH, nicotine content, and moisture content. Despite these adverse effects, smokeless tobacco is used commonly in the United States by young people, especially male high school students (2). The use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff and chewing tobacco) can cause oral cancer and precancerous oral lesions (leukoplakia) and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and nicotine addiction (1). Commercial Moist Snuff Products - Florida, January-February 1999 Determination of Nicotine, pH, and Moisture Content of Six U.S. For assistance, please send e-mail to: Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file.
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